The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Uruguay with a key to known species and comments on species of the genus Acanthoventris Ruschel including the resurrection of a previously synonymized species.

A synoptic list and key of the cicadas of Uruguay is provided to complete the country lists of the South American cicada fauna. Fidicina gastracanthophora Berg, 1879 is shown to be a distinct species, is resurrected from junior synonymy, and reassigned to a new genus to become Acanthoventris gastracanthophora (Berg, 1879) revised status, n. comb. The species is redescribed to facilitate differentiating it in its new genus. The female of Acanthventris drewseni (Stl, 1854), the type species of the genus, is described and illustrated. The known ranges of Acanthoventris charrua Ruschel (in Ruschel et al.), 2023, A. drewseni (Stl, 1854), A. iara Ruschel (in Ruschel et al.), 2023, A. igneus Ruschel (in Ruschel et al.), 2023, and A. olivarius Ruschel (in Ruschel et al.), 2023 are expanded. The currently known cicada fauna for Uruguay is determined to be 12 species, 10 genera, four tribes and three subfamilies, the lowest known alpha diversity of any South American country.

Resolving taxonomic issues of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) including new combinations, new synonymies, and revised status, with updates on the diversity of the Brazilian cicada fauna and new records for four South American countries.

The taxonomic position and status of historically confused cicada taxa is determined. Species are reassigned based on analysis of type specimens and the application of currently accepted higher taxonomy. Diceroprocta grossa (Fabricius, 1775) is determined to be Megatibicen grossa (Fabricius, 1775) n. comb. with Cicada auletes Germar, 1834 n. syn., Fidicina literata Walker, 1850 n. syn., and Cicada sonora Walker, 1850 n. syn. becoming junior synonyms. Abroma egae (Distant, 1892) is determined to be Brevialavenosa egae (Distant, 1892) n. comb., Abroma temperata (Walker, 1858) is reassigned to become Brevialavenosa temperata (Walker, 1858) n. comb., and Abroma apicifera (Walker, 1850) is determined to be Brevialavenosa apicifera (Walker, 1850) n. comb. Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854 is reassigned to become Herrera sahlbergi (Stål, 1854) n. comb. Zammara eximia Erichson, 1848 is reassigned to become Zammaralna eximia (Erichson, 1848) n. comb. Zammara strepens Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 is reassigned to become Orellana strepens (Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843) n. comb. Orellana brunneipennis Goding, 1925 is reassigned to become Zammara brunneipennis (Goding, 1925) n. comb. and Orellana pulla Goding, 1925 is reassigned to become Zammara pulla (Goding, 1925) n. comb. Zammara brunneipennis (Goding, 1925) n. comb., n. syn., Zammara pulla (Goding, 1925) n. comb., n. syn., and Zammara erna Schmidt, 1919 n. syn. are made junior synonyms of Zammara intricata Walker, 1850. Orellana pollyae Sanborn, 2011a n. syn. is made a junior synonym of Orellana strepens (Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843) n. comb., and Zammara medialinea Sanborn, 2004 n. syn. is made a junior synonym of Zammara luculenta Distant, 1883. Dorisiana brasilianensis Boulard, 2017 n. syn. is determined to be a junior synonym of Dorisiana noriegai Sanborn & Heath, 2014. Two taxa, Carineta viridicollis var. a Stål, 1862 n. syn. and Cicada proponens var. b Walker, 1858c n. syn. are shown to be unavailable as well as junior synonyms of Carineta viridicollis (Germar, 1830) and Parnisa proponens (Walker, 1858c), respectively. Fidicina aldegondae Kulgatz, 1902 (in Kulgatz & Melichar, 1902) rev. stat. is removed from synonymy and reassigned to become Guyalna aldegondae (Kulgatz, 1902 in Kulgatz & Melichar, 1902) rev. stat., n. comb. Cicada costa Dohrn, 1859 is shown to be a misspelling of Cicada casta Stål, 1854 and does not represent a nomen nudum. The alpha diversity of the known Brazilian cicada fauna is now 181 species with new records of Proarna uruguayensis Berg, 1882 and Herrera dentata Sanborn, 2020 and the removal of Diceroprocta grossa (Fabricius, 1775) and Odopoea degiacomii Distant, 1912 from the fauna. New records of Hemisciera maculipennis (de Laporte, 1832) for Bolivia, Guyalna cuta (Walker, 1850) for Paraguay, and Pachypsaltria phaedima Torres, 1960 for Peru are provided.

Priority and the names of two cicada tribes (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Tacuini and Tettigomyiinae: Anopercalnini).

N/A.

Two new species and two new records for cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from French Guiana, with an updated faunal list of French Guiana and the first synoptic list for Guyana.

Zammara conflutrimacula n. sp. and Fidicinoides ininiensis n. sp. are described as new. The first records of Guyalna polypaga Sanborn, 2019 and Taphura dolabella Sanborn, 2017 are reported for French Guiana. Cicada clarisona Hancock, 1834 nomen nudum, revised status, is shown to be unavailable. The first synoptic list of cicadas for Guyana is provided. The currently known cicada fauna for French Guiana is 73 species, 20 genera, five tribes, and three subfamilies. The known fauna of Guyana is 12 species, nine genera, two tribes and one subfamily.

Cold cicadas and hot rocks: Thermal responses and thermoregulation in some New Zealand cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Cicadettini).

We determine the thermal responses for 11 species from four genera of New Zealand cicadas. Thermal responses are remarkably similar regardless of environment or elevation inhabited by the species. The thermal responses of New Zealand cicadas do not show the same variability as cicada species in similarly diverse environments in Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America nor the correlation to elevation as seen in some North American cicadas. Behavioral thermoregulation appears to be the mechanism permitting the distribution of species into specific habitats so that diverging thermal adaptation was not necessary as speciation occurred. The first example of a cicada using conductive heat transfer to thermoregulate is provided. These data show an evolutionary divergence from what otherwise have been convergent thermal adaptation patterns in a variety of cicadas separated by large geographic distances and species phylogeny.

Thermal responses of some Australian cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae).

We determine the thermal responses for 22 species from 16 genera, nine tribes and two subfamilies of Australian cicadas. Thermal responses are related to habitat and possibly to behavior. The thermal responses of the Australian species show convergent patterns to the cicadas in similar environments in Africa, Europe, North America, and South America. The study illustrates that similar evolutionary pressures select for similar thermal adaptation regardless of geographic locality or species phylogeny.

Flight system morphology and minimum flight temperature in North American cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae).

Thermal responses in cicadas have been studied for many years. The minimum flight temperature (MFT) does not show the same relationship to habitat and behavior as other thermal responses. We measured live mass, wing length, wingspan, wing area and wing loading in an attempt to correlate these morphological parameters to the MFT. We analyzed both intraspecific (in Magicicada cassinii (Fisher, 1852)) and interspecific relationships of the wing morphology and the ability of the cicadas to fly in a large number of North American cicada taxa (n=119). A total of 109 species and 10 subspecies from 17 genera, six tribes, and three subfamilies including all major North American habitats were studied. Analyses show that wing morphology (wing length, wingspan, wing area and wing loading) scales to body size as predicted by geometric similarity (all P<0.0001) for all species and wing area and wing loading (both P<0.0001) in M. cassinii. Mass (P=0.0105), wing length (P=0.0006), wingspan (P=0.0006), wing area (P=0.0055), and wing loading (P=0.0455) all demonstrate a significant correlation to MFT between species, as would be predicted by aerodynamic theory, but not within species. However, the low correlation coefficients suggest the flight system has minimal influence on the MFT of cicadas. Specific physiological adaptations appear to be responsible for the between species variability in MFT rather than being the result of modifications to the flight system morphology.

A new species, genus and tribe of cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) from Chile with a list of Chilean cicada fauna.

Citroriginini n. tribe. is formed for the Chilean cicada Citroriginis elongata n. gen., n. sp.  Males differ from other South American Tibicininae Distant, 1905a because they lack timbal organs.  The new species has fore wings that are similar in general appearance to the Nearctic Platypediini Kato, 1932 and genitalia with a superficial resemblance to the Tettigadini Distant, 1905c and the Chilean Chilecicadini Sanborn, 2014 but the new species is divergent from the both tribes in the fore wing venation, fore wing cell shape, general body proportions and male genitalia. A female exuvia is described representing the first description of a Chilean cicada exuvia.  A list of Chilean cicada species is also provided with Calliopsida cinnabarina (Berg, 1879) removed from the Chilean cicada fauna.

Two new genera and species of Fidicinini Distant, 1905 with a re-description of Nosola Stål, 1866 (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadidae).

The cicada genus Nosola Stål, 1866 and its type species N. paradoxa Stål, 1866 are described fully for the first time. Two Neotropical Fidicinini Distant, 1905 related to Nosola are described as new genera and species. Nosoarna albipilosa n. gen., n. sp. from Brazil and Rhaeboepelis takiyaae n. gen., n. sp. from Costa Rica are described and illustrated.

The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) of Madagascar including a new tribe, five new genera, twelve new species, four new species synonymies, five revised species status, ten new combinations, new tribal assignments for four genera, one new subtribe synonymy, a checklist and key to the species.

The known cicada fauna of Madagascar is identified. Yanga mahajangaensis n. sp., Nelbroma betrokaensis n. gen., n. sp., Trismarcha parva n. sp., Abroma bezamahafalyensis n. sp., Abroma falcata n. sp., Timbaltransversa pronotosigillata n. gen., n. sp., Malagasia argentea n. sp., Malagasia italivianaensis n. sp., Malagasia rubrastragala n. sp., Deremeces andringitraensis n. gen., n. sp., Malgachialna rubracosta n. sp., and Cephalalna tulearensis n. sp. are described as new. The genera Mouldspsaltria n. gen., and Orientafroinsularis n. gen. are described as new with the reassignment of Mouldspsaltria madegassa (Boulard, 1996) n. comb., Orientafroinsularis elenae n. comb., rev. stat., Orientafroinsularis hova (Distant, 1905b) n. comb., Orientafroinsularis loici (Boulard, 2000) n. comb., Orientafroinsularis martini (Distant, 1905b) n. comb., Orientafroinsularis matilei (Boulard, 2000) n. comb., Orientafroinsularis nigrans (Distant, 1904) n. comb., Orientafroinsularis pulverulenta (Distant, 1905b) n. comb., Orientafroinsularis seychellica (Dmitriev, 2020) n. comb., rev. stat., and Orientafroinsularis seychellensis (Boulard, 1999) n. comb., rev. stat. to these new genera. Yanga argyrea (Melichar, 1896) rev. stat. is removed from subspecies status of Yanga pulverea (Distant, 1882) and returned to species rank. Antankaria pulverulenta madegassa Boulard, 1999 n. syn. and Chremistica pulverulenta madagascariensis Boulard, 2001 n. syn. are considered synonyms of Orientafroinsularis pulverulenta (Distant, 1905b) n. comb. eliminating the potential homonym based on "madagascariensis". Antankaria pulverulenta seychellensis Boulard, 1999 and Chremistica pulverulenta seychellensis Boulard, 2001 n. syn. are considered synonyms, elevated to species rank and reassigned to the new genus to become Orientafroinsularis seychellensis (Boulard, 1999) n. comb., rev. stat. Chremistica elenae elenae Boulard, 2001 rev. stat. is shown to be a synonym of Chremistica elenae madagascariensis Boulard, 2001 n. syn. and is a distinct species from Chremistica elenae seychellica Dmitriev, 2020 rev. stat. with both elevated to species rank and transferred to the new genus to become Orientafroinsularis elenae (Boulard, 2001) n. comb., rev. stat. and Orientafroinsularis seychellica (Dmitriev, 2020) n. comb., rev. stat. Antankariini n. tribe is formed for former Malagasy members of the Cryptotympanini Handlirsch, 1925. Four genera are reassigned to Malagasiini Moulds Marshall, 2018, Anopercalna Boulard, 2008 from Taphurini Distant, 1905d, Cephalalna Boulard, 2006a from Chlorocystini Distant, 1905c, Malgotilia Boulard, 1980b from Parnisini Distant, 1905c and Viettealna Boulard, 1980a from Lamotialnini Boulard, 1976. There are no remaining members of Chlorocystini or Taphurini in Madagascar after the generic reassignments and these tribes are removed from the Madagascar fauna. Anopercalnina Boulard, 2008 n. syn. is made a junior synonym to Malagasiini Moulds Marshall, 2018. An updated faunal list is provided to summarize recent changes to the assignment of taxa. The currently known cicada fauna of Madagascar is comprised of 65 species from 25 genera, eight tribes and three subfamilies.

Thirteen new species of Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) expand the highly endemic cicada fauna of Chile.

The genus Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 is shown to be a complex of closely related species rather than a monospecific genus. Chilecicada citatatemporaria Sanborn Cole n. sp., C. culenesensis Sanborn Cole n. sp., C. curacaviensis Sanborn Cole n. sp., C. impartemporaria Sanborn Cole n. sp., C. magna Sanborn Cole n. sp., C. mapuchensis Sanborn n. sp., C. oraria Sanborn Cole n. sp., C. parrajaraorum Sanborn n. sp., C. partemporaria Sanborn Cole n. sp., C. pehuenchesensis Sanborn Cole n. sp., C. trifascia Sanborn n. sp., C. trifasciunca Sanborn Cole n. sp., and C. viridicitata Sanborn Cole n. sp. are described as new. Chilecicada occidentis Walker, 1850 is re-described to facilitate separation of the new species from the only previously known species. Song and cytochrome oxidase I analysis available for most species support the separation of the new taxa from the type species of the genus. Known species distributions and a key to the species of the genus are also provided. The new species increases the known cicada diversity 61.9% to 34 species, 91.2% of which are endemic to Chile.

The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Ecuador including the description of five new species, a new subtribe, four new synonymies, and fifteen new records.

The known cicada fauna of Ecuador is identified. Durangona exechopyga n. sp., Calyria chaetoacontia n. sp., Calyria xiphion n. sp., Carineta coronida n. sp., and Carineta tiarata n. sp. are described as new. The subtribe Plautillina Distant, 1905h rev. stat. is formed for the genera Plautilla Stål, 1865 and Onoralna Boulard, 1996 within the Zammarini Distant, 1905b. Zammara erna Schmidt, 1919 n. syn., Orellana brunneipennis Goding, 1925 n. syn. and Orellana pulla Goding, 1925 n. syn. are reported to be junior synonyms of Zammara intricata Walker, 1850 and Coata facialis var. Jacobi 1907a n. syn. is shown to be unavailable and a junior synonym of Coata facialis Distant 1906b. The first records of Fidicinoides besti Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides brunnea Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides descampsi Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides ptychodiropeda Sanborn 2020b, Ariasa bilaqueata (Uhler, 1903), Guyalna bicolor (Olivier, 1790), Guyalna dyticamazona Sanborn, 2020b, Calyria fenestrata (Fabricius, 1803), Taphura boulardi Sanborn, 2011a, Carineta lichiana Boulard, 1986a, Carineta peruviana Distant, 1905c, Carineta producta Walker, 1858b, Carineta rufescens (Fabricius, 1803), Herrera concolor Sanborn, 2019b and Toulgoetalna tavakiliani Boulard, 1982 are provided. The new records represent the first records for Ariasa Distant 1905d, Calyria Stål, 1862, the tribe Parnisini Distant, 1905e, and Toulgoetalna Boulard, 1982, in Ecuador. The record for Calyria fenestrata is the first known specific locality for the species. An additional first record of Fidicinoides besti is provided for Colombia to expand the known distribution of this species. Previous records of Zammara calochroma Walker, 1858a, Dorisiana semilata (Walker, 1850), Carineta bilineosa Walker, 1858b, Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821), and Selymbria stigmatica (Germar, 1834) are considered to be misidentifications of Dorisiana metcalfi Sanborn Heath, 2014 (= Cicada viridis Olivier, 1790), C. maculosa Torres, 1848, C. pilifera Walker, 1858a, and S. ecuadorensis Sanborn, 2019a, respectively, so that Z. calochroma, D. semilata, C. bilineosa, C. fasciculata, and S. stigmatica are removed from the cicada fauna of Ecuador. In addition, Chilecicada occidentis (Walker, 1850) is removed from the Ecuadorian cicada fauna as the species is restricted to Chile. The currently known Ecuadorian cicada fauna is comprised of 98 species from 24 genera, nine tribes and three subfamilies.

A new genus and three new species of South African Cicadettini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae).

Ingcainyenzane irhiniensis n. gen., n. sp. and Ingcainyenzane nolukhanyoensis n. gen., n. sp. are described from Eastern Cape and Ingcainyenzane umgeniensis n. gen., n. sp. is described from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Notes on its biology of the species and a key to species of the genus are also provided.

The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Suriname including the description of two new species, five new combinations, and three new records.

The known cicada fauna of Suriname is identified. Zammara guyanensis n. sp., and Proarna proximorubrovenosa n. sp. are described as new. The taxa Zammara eximia Erichson, 1848, Cicada thalassina Germar, 1830, Cicadetta surinamensis (Kirkaldy, 1909), Cicada collaris Degeer, 1773 and Cicada melanoptera Gmelin, 1789 (=Cicada marginata Degeer, 1773) are reassigned to become Zammaralna eximia (Erichson, 1848) n. comb., Hyantia thalassina (Germar, 1830) n. comb., Taphura surinamensis (Kirkaldy, 1909) n. comb., Alocha collaris (Degeer, 1773) n. comb. (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Cicadellini), and Homalodisca melaoptera (Gmelin, 1789) n. comb. (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini), respectively. The first records of Fidicina christinae Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Guyalna bicolor (Olivier, 1790), and Majeorona truncata Goding, 1925 are provided. Included are the first Suriname records for the genera Guyalna Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Majeorona Distant, 1905c, and Hyantia Stål, 1866. The taxon Neotibicen tibicen tibicen (Linnaeus, 1758) is removed from the fauna of Suriname with references to this taxon considered misidentifications of Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius, 1803). Cicada collaris Degeer, 1773, and Cicada melanoptera Gmelin, 1789 (=Cicada marginata Degeer, 1773) are reassigned to the Cicadellidae and also removed from the cicada faunal list. The currently known cicada fauna of Suriname is comprised of 15 species from nine genera, three tribes and two subfamilies. The known cicada fauna diversity is increased 50% with this work.

The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Peru including the description of twenty-four new species, three new synonymies, and thirty-seven new records.

The known cicada fauna of Peru is identified. Fidicinoides ptychodiropeda n. sp., Guyalna capnopteryx n. sp., G. chrysinothrix n. sp., G. dyticamazona n. sp., G. spilonotophora n. sp., Carineta acommosis n. sp., C. bitorquata n. sp., C. castaneopercula n. sp., C. dicrophryxothrix n. sp., C. digitata n. sp., C. nigrafissura n. sp., C. quadrofastigiata n. sp., C. rumipataensis n. sp., C. tingomariaensis n. sp., C. tricuspis n. sp., Herrera castanetorquata n. sp., H. cephalodigramma n. sp., H. chanchamayoensis n. sp., H. dentata n. sp., H. moyabambaensis n. sp., H. nigropercula n. sp., H. polygramma n. sp., H. quadrimacula n. sp., and H. viriventralis n. sp. are described as new. Three taxa, Cicada (Prunasis) pulcherrima var. a Stål, 1862a, C. (P.) pulcherrima var. b Stål, 1862a, and C. (P.) pulcherrima var. c Stål, 1862a are shown to be unavailable as well as junior synonyms of Prunasis pulcherrima (Stål, 1854) which is shown to be the correct name for the taxon over the preoccupied Cicada viridula Walker, 1850. The first records of Durangona tigrina Distant, 1911, Fidicina obscura Boulard Martinelli, 1996, F. robini Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides descampsi Boulard Martinelli, 1996, F. determinata (Walker, 1858a), F. duckensis Boulard Martinelli, 1996, F. pseudethelae Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Proarna bergi (Distant, 1892a), P. dactyliophora Berg, 1879, P. strigicollis Jacobi, 1907, Guyalna aurora Ruschel, 2017, G. bicolor (Olivier, 1790), G. chlorogena (Walker, 1850), G. distanti (Goding, 1925), G. glauca (Goding, 1925), Majeorona aper (Walker, 1850), M. ecuatoriana Goding, 1925, M. truncata Goding, 1925, Orialella aerizulae Boulard, 1986b, Calyria cuna (Walker, 1850), Prunasis pulcherrima (Stål, 1854), Taphura boulardi Sanborn, 2011a, Carineta boulardi Champanhet, 1999, Carineta cearana Distant, 1906b, C. congrua Walker, 1858b, C. dolosa Boulard, 1986a, C. doxiptera Walker, 1858a, C. ecuatoriana Goding, 1925, C. gemella Boulard, 1986a, C. hamata Sanborn, 2019b, C. matura Distant, 1892b, C. pilifera Walker, 1858a, C. pilosa Walker, 1850, C. ventrilloni Boulard, 1986a, Herrera concolor Sanborn, 2019b, H. melanomesocranon Sanborn, 2019b, and H. phyllodes Sanborn, 2019b are provided. The records for Durangona tigrina Distant, 1911 are the first records of the genus Durangona Distant, 1911 and tribe Durangonini Moulds and Marshall, 2018 and the records for Prunasis pulcherrima (Stål, 1854) are the first for the genus Prunasis Stål, 1862a in Peru. Previous records of Zammara tympanum (Fabricius, 1803), Orialella boliviana (Distant, 1904b), Guyalna brisa (Walker, 1850) and Selymbria stigmatica (Germar, 1834) are considered to be misidentifications of Z. hertha Schmidt, 1919, O. aerizulae, G. dyticamazona n. sp. and S. madredediosensis Sanborn, 2019b, respectively, so that Z. tympanum, O. boliviana, G. brisa and S. stigmatica are removed from the cicada fauna of Peru. The Peruvian records of Dorisiana semilata (Walker, 1850) are shown to be due to an incorrect synonymy of D. metcalfi Sanborn Heath, 2014 and the species is removed from the faunal list as well. Additional new records of Fidicinoides poulaini Boulard Martinelli, 1996 are provided for Brazil and Guyalna chlorogena (Walker, 1850) for French Guiana to expand the known distribution of these species. The currently known Peruvian cicada fauna is comprised of 114 described species from 23 genera, eight tribes and three subfamilies with a 115% increase in the known cicada fauna provided here.

The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Trinidad and Tobago including the description of three new species and seven new records, with new records for several additional Caribbean Islands.

The known cicada fauna of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is identified. Calyria hyperochelabrys n. sp., Carineta trinidadensis n. sp., and Herrera grammosticta n. sp. are described as new. The first records of Fidicinoides descampsi Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Proarna hilaris (Germar, 1834), Guyalna bogotana (Distant, 1892a), Majeorona aper (Walker, 1850), Taphura boulardi Sanborn, 2011a, Carineta matura Distant, 1892b, and Herrera nigropercula Sanborn, 2020b are provided. The first reports for the genera Guyalna Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Majeorona Distant, 1905d, Calyria Stål, 1862, Carineta Amyot Audinet-Serville, 1843 and Herrera Distant, 1905c and the tribes Parnisini Distant, 1905e and Carinetini Distant, 1905c are represented by the records for the new species and new records. The first records of Proarna hilaris (Germar, 1830) for Anegada, Antigua, Grenada, Canoun Island, Mayreau Island and Union Island in the Grenadines, Little St. James, Little Thatch Island, Montserrat, Mosquito Island, and St. Kitts, Proarna palisoti (Metcalf, 1963a) for Navarro Island, Majeorona aper (Walker, 1850) for Grenada, and Ariasa albimaculosa Sanborn, 2016c for Bonaire are provided to increase the known distributions of these species and the Caribbean fauna. The currently known cicada fauna for Trinidad is increased here to 15 species representing ten genera, four tribes and two subfamilies. Only Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790) is known currently from Tobago.

Replacement name for the cicada genus Pycnoides Sanborn, 2020 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Platypleurini) and sixteen new combinations.

Dyticopycna nom. nov. pro Pycnoides Sanborn, 2020 nec Handianus (Pycnoides) Emelijanov, 1964 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Athysanini) is proposed. The species of Pycnoides Sanborn are transferred to Dyticopycna nom. nov. to become Dyticopycna antinorii (Lethierry, 1881) n. comb., Dyticopycna baxteri (Distant, 1914) n. comb., Dyticopycna becarrii (Lethierry, 1881) n. comb., Dyticopycna dolosa (Boulard, 1975a) n. comb., Dyticopycna hecuba (Distant, 1904) n. comb., Dyticopycna moniquae (Boulard, 2012) n. comb., Dyticopycna natalensis (Distant, 1905) n. comb., Dyticopycna neavei (Distant, 1912) n. comb., Dyticopycna passosdecarvalhoi (Boulard, 1975b) n. comb., Dyticopycna quanza (Distant, 1899a) n. comb., Dyticopycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) n. comb., Dyticopycna sylvia (Distant, 1899b) n. comb., Dyticopycna umbelinae (Boulard, 1975b) n. comb., Dyticopycna vitrea (Schumacher, 1913) n. comb., Dyticopycna vitticollis (Jacobi, 1904) n. comb., and Dyticopycna zambiaensis (Sanborn, 2020) n. comb.

Redefinition of the cicada tribe Hemidictyini Distant, 1905, status of the tribe Iruanini Boulard, 1993 rev. stat., and the establishment of Hovanini n. tribe and Sapantangini n. tribe (Hemiptera: Cicadidae).

A recent paper by Ruschel Campos (2019) on "leaf-winged" cicadas proposed a significant reorganization of the cicada tribe Hemidictyini Distant, 1905g, including synonymization of the monogeneric tribe Lacetasini Moulds Marshall, 2018 following the results of a cladistic parsimony analysis of morphological characters. In this study, we reconsider and revise the morphological analysis of Ruschel Campos and obtain new genetic data for Hemidictya. We find that their study suffers from a limited taxon sample, inappropriate outgroup selection, and misinterpretation of genitalic characters (uncus vs. claspers). We show that Hemidictyini sensu Ruschel Campos includes members of multiple tribes and subfamilies, and we conclude that some of the taxonomic transfers by Ruschel Campos are not supported. The two most similar and leaf-like cicadas, Hemidictya Burmeister, 1835 (South America) and Hovana Distant, 1905g (Madagascar), are probably not closely related but rather an excellent example of convergent evolution. Lacetasini is not a junior synonym of the Hemidictyini but a distinct part of the Tettigomyiinae Distant, 1905g as originally classified. We return or transfer the genera Lacetas Karsch, 1890, Iruana Distant, 1905g, Bafutalna Boulard, 1993, and Murphyalna Boulard, 2012 to the Lacetasini. With the transfer of all genera of Iruanina Boulard, 1993 and Bafutalnina Boulard, 1993 to Lacetasini and with Lacetas transferred to the Iruanina, Lacetasini n. syn. becomes a subjective junior synonym of Iruanini rev. stat. in the Tettigomyiinae. We assign Hovana to Hovanini n. tribe in the Tettigomyiinae and Sapantanga Distant, 1905g to Sapantangini n. tribe in the Tibicininae Distant, 1905b. We propose that Hemidictyini sensu novo contains only the genus Hemidictya and we assign the tribe to Tibicininae with a revised diagnosis.

Afromelampsalta, a new genus, a new species, and five new combinations of African cicadettine cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae).

Afromelampsalta n. gen. is described for African species currently assigned to the genera Melampsalta Kolenati, 1857. Cicadetta Kolenati, 1857 and Pauropsalta Goding Froggatt, 1904, and the new species Afromelampsalta luteofasciata n. gen., n. sp. is described. Afromelampsalta aethiopica (Distant, 1905) n. comb., A. cadisia (Walker, 1850) n. comb. and A. leucoptera (Germar, 1830) n. comb. are reassigned from Melampsalta to Afromelampsalta n. gen., A. limitata (Walker, 1852) n. comb. is transferred from Cicadetta Kolenati, 1857 and A. mimica (Distant ,1907) n. comb. is transferred from Pauropsalta Goding Froggatt, 1904 to Afromelampsalta n. gen. Notes on the biology of the new species, a description of the exuvia of A. mimica n. comb., and a key to the species of African Cicadettini are provided.